164 German Manufacturers –→ Table of Contents Gebr. Schoenau, Swaine & Co. GmbH Hüttensteinach (Thuringia)267 formerly Porzellanfabrik Gebrüder Schoenau 1817 to 1964 1817 The porcelain manufactory was founded in Hüttensteinach268 by the Kommerzienrat (honorary German title “Councilor of Commerce”) Johann Friedrich Greiner, co-founder and co-owner of the Porzellanmanufaktur Rauenstein, together with the Hofkammerrat (“Councilor of the Exchequer”) Künzel. They purchased a former ironworks and hammer mill to serve as the production facility. 1835 The manufactory was taken over by Eduard Greiner, Gustav Greiner, and Carl Müller. Tableware was produced. 1847 Müller left his share of the company to his stepson Fichtner. 1852/53 August Arnoldi from Gotha purchased the manufactory and sold half to Robert Swaine. After a short partnership, Swaine left the company and founded the Porzellanfabrik Swaine & Co. in 1854 with his brother William Swaine. 1859 Gebrüder Schoenau The company was sold at auction. Carl and Eduard Schoenau purchased the manufactory and leased it to Swaine & Co. 1864 The Schoenau brothers took over the management of their own company. Later, Albert Schoenau (Kommerzienrat) became the sole owner. The literature provides conflicting information regarding the periods in which various factory marks were used. The earliest mark “before 1887” consisted of two crossed lines in the style of the Meissen sword mark, with an H (for Hüttensteinach) between or beneath them. After Meissen filed an objection, the company was forced to stop using this mark in 1896. ■■ 1897 The company specialized in the production of “cups, mugs, coffee and tea sets, blue underglaze, vases, perfumery products, bowls, children’s tableware, beer steins with/without lithophanes, porcelain plaques, and fancy goods in the Delft style.”269 This is the earliest known mention of the company’s lithophane products, specifically its lithophane bottoms and plaques. The impressed mark in use at this time consisted of the initials GSH.270 For export, the company produced beer steins and cylindrical lithophane cups of various sizes decorated with blue-painted Dutch motifs (waterfront landscapes with mills, houses, and sailboats). During this period, the company used a green underglaze “sun mark” (Zühlsdorff, p. 343, Nos. 1– 15.40)271 and a green underglaze “Delft mark” (Danckert, p. 273, Zühlsdorff, p. 376, Nos. 1–20.83), with the additional term GERMANY on products intended for export. Many objects had no factory mark.
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