Katalog

conda, mostly ‘Abdullāh Qutb Shāh (r. 1626–1672), Abū’l Hasan Qutb Shāh (r. 1672– 1686), and the Bijapur rulers Muh. ammad ‘Ādil Shāh (r. 1627–1656) and ‘Alī ‘Ādil Shāh II (r. 1656–1672). Sometimes there are a few portraits of their dignitaries and of Safavid rulers such as ‘Abbās I (r. 1588–1629), ‘Abbās II (r. 1642–1666), and Sulaimān (r. 1666– 1694). 15 And the fourth type includes a selection from the previous three categories along with other loose sheets, probably remnants of other albums that were dispersed. 16 The four albums of Indian portraits that are now in Dresden, when compared to other albums around Europe, bear witness to the Indian workshop production in the eighteenth century. 17 NB Notes   |  1  Subrahmanyam 2017, p. 16.  |  2  The Dutch established factories at Masulipatnam and Nizampatnam in 1606 and at Pulicat in 1621; the English East India Company established theirs at Masulipatnam and Negapattam in 1611 and at Pulicat in 1621.  |  3  Subrahmanyam 2017, p. 31.  |  4  Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, Smith-Lesouëf 232 and 233; British Museum, London, inv.nos. 1974 6-17 02, 1974 6-17 04, and 1974 6-17 011; Witsen Album, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, inv.no . RP-T-00-3186; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Museum für Asiatische Kunst, inv.no . MIK 1 5066-68 68 and some folios in MIK I 5004; and the collections of Count Abate Giovanni Antonio Baldini and Simon Schijnvoet reproduced in Chatelain 1719 and Valentijn 1726.  |  5  Lunsingh Scheurleer/Kruijtzer 2005, p. 52.  |  6  Michell/Zebrowski 1999, p. 157.  |  7  For example, the Dutch East India Company ambassador Johannas Bacherus commissioned “Camping with the Mughal Emperor” in 1687 from a Golconda artist. See Lunsingh Scheurleer/Kruijtzer 2005, p. 52.  |  8  De Bruin 1737, p. 220.  |  9  Bernier 1699, p. 190.  |  10  Ms. Top Oxon.B. 43 in MS. Frazer 277, Bodleian Library, Oxford. The Frazer collection at the Bodleian comprises original manuscripts and copies. Proficient in Sanskrit and surrounded by Brahmins, Frazer, who translated the Śāstras , knew his collection was highly valued abroad.  |  11  Martin had received a letter at Surat from Pondicherry (capital of French India in 1664), five years before, advising him to procure Persian manuscripts, espe- cially those brought into India by the Afghans as per the orders from the Royal Academy of Sciences and was offering Frazer double the costs for his collection.  |  12  In this concern the Vatican Barberini album is mentioned as one of the earliest examples from the period between the reigns of Mughal emperors Jahāngīr (r. 1605–1627) and Shāh Jahān (r. 1628– 1658) and is typical of albums of portraits in seventeenth-century European collections. See Subrahmanyam 2017, p. 133; also Kurz 1967. A later album in Dresden, Ca 111 (cat. 4), is one example for a compilation of artworks by a collector to form an album of Indian paintings; the unique subject of Ca 113 (cat. 3), resonates upon the popularity and demand of Indian artworks with historical evidence amongst Europeans for at least two more copies of this album belonged to famous collectors along with the discovery of two other similar albums in London and Bodleian.  |  13  See cat. 5 (Ca 116); see also Nationaalmuseum van Wereldculturen Leiden, inv.nos. 360–7346–360–7363, and the collections of Count Giovanni Antonio Baldini (1654–1725) and Simon Schijnvoet reproduced in Chatelain 1719 and Valentijn 1726, respectively.  | 14  Cat. 3 (Ca 113); cf. Victoria & Albert Museum, London, inv.no. IM9–1912; and Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. Ind. Misc.d. 3.  |  15  Cat. 1 and 2 (Ca 112, Ca 110); cf. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, Smith-Lesouëf 232 and 233; British Museum, London, inv.nos . 1974 6-17 04 and 1974 6-17 011; Musée Guimet, Paris, inv.no. 35.491, 35.492; Witsen Album, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, inv.no . RP-T-00-3186.  | 16  Cat. 4 (Ca 111); cf. British Museum, London, inv.no . 1974 6-17 02; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Canter Visscher album, inv.no s. NG-008-60-1 to NG-2008-60-28; inv.no. NG-2008- 60; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna, Min. 44 and Min. 64; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Museum für Asiatische Kunst, inv.no . MIK 1 5066-68 and some folios in MIK I 5004; Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Orientabteilung, Libri pict. A91.  |  17  See Appendices, pp. 242–51. 45